“GRAHAM BELL TELEPHONE”

Telephony

“Alexander Graham Bell” invented the telephone in 1875, the first conversation on telephone was made on 10th March 1876. He spoke the words “Mr. Watson, come here, I want you”. The basic arrangements are depicted in Fig.

Telephone System

In India government Exchanges were established in 1881 with 24 connection. By 1883 the number of exchange was 12 with the total of 92 connections 11 of witch were public.

The First Oriental Telephone Co.

of England

The first public telephone exchange was established by “Oriented Telephone Co.” under license issued in 1881 from the Government. In the city of Mumbai, this was soon taken over by the Bombay Telephone Co. The company installed an exchange at “Karachi” ( the first exchange in the territories now comprising Pakistan) and 11 telephone were operating in 1882.

Public Electric Power Supply

There was no public electric power supply at that time and roads were without motor vehicles. Each telephone set having battery of electric cells. With the availability of electricity the Central (Exchange) battery system was introduced in India 1907 onwards.Call were still connected operators.

Privacy and Security Aspect

The privacy and security aspect was lacking. To over come the problem of manual telephone, Mr Strowger devised electromechanical switching system and first automatic exchange of India was installed in 1914 at simla which was summer Capital India during the British rule.

Increasing Connections By Multiplexing

By multiplexing of a number of telephone conversation over a pair of overhead wires become possible. This technique was used for increasing the capacity of inter-city lines. There were 12,436 telephone connections in Pakistan at the time of independence. Out of 8,800 lines were from automatic exchange mainly at Karachi and Lahore.

Inter-City Call Handing

The inter city call were still handle by operators. In 1923 the first experimental inter city dialing system by operators was introduced between Lahore and Faisalabad (then called Lyallpur) but was soon discontinued. The reliability of the open wire lines used at that time was not machining at requirements and there were complications in manual Billing.

New (STD) Technique

With the adoption of new technique of high capacity inter-city underground Coaxial cable (using concentric conductors) the long distance dialing began in 1951. In Pakistan the first automatic inter-city dialing was introduced for public between Karachi and Hyderabad in 1962. This was called (STD) “Subscriber Trunk Dialing”

Telephone Industry of Pakistan (TIP) Developed

The TIP developed a 100- 300 lines rural exchange with STD ( Subscriber Trunk Dialing) facility.

The Telephone Industry of Pakistan (TIP) has grown and evolved significantly over the years. It is playing a very important role in shaping the telecommunication landscape of the country. From its initial inception to its present status, TIP has modernized and expanded the telecommunication network across Pakistan.

TIP play an important Role in Telecommuniation Sector

Established with the objective of providing reliable and accessible telephone services to the people of Pakistan, TIP has paved the way for remarkable growth since its inception. (PTCL), which had a monopoly on fixed line services. However, with the introduction of deregulation and privatization policies in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the telecommunications market opened up to competition, leading to the emergence of new players and diversification of services.

TIP contributed to this transformation by promoting innovation, competition and investment in the telecom sector. It facilitated the introduction of new technologies and services such as mobile telephony, Internet services, and digital infrastructure communication systems. The advantage of mobile telecommunications in Pakistan has been revolutionized the way of communication

STD System

This was an improved version of STD system witch was implemented in the previous decade. It provided routing of calls through any available path between the two destinations. The STD system was subsequently closed.

“Subscriber Trunk Dialing” (STD) system. In telecommunication terms used to make long distance calls. This system fully allows users to dial a trunk call without operator assistance by dialing the trunk prefix followed by the area code and subscriber number. This system is used in many countries to facilitate long-distance communication services.

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