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| Grouping in the Standards making Process |
Keyword
International
Co-ordination
Regulation
Standards
- International Coordination, Regulation & Standards
Necessary of Regulation & Standards in Telecommunication
Public Telecommunication Network of any country is interconnected with the Global Telecommunication system. For satisfaction operation of Telecommunication Services the equipment used should be compatible and conform to agreed International Specifications.
The operational practices should also be in accordance with agreed procedures.
Agreement of traffic and routing are necessary between Operators of various countries for telecommunication traffic and the business transaction need to be regulated for financial settlement.
Radio Communication are being used extensively for Mobile and oadcasting the services. The interference Free utilization of the limited/ usable radio waves spectrum needs Coordination on global and national basis.
- Satellite Communication System
A satellite communication system is a network of satellites, ground stations, and user terminals that enables the transmission of data, voice, and video signals over long distances. These systems play a crucial role in various applications such as telecommunications, broadcasting, navigation, and remote sensing.
Satellites act as relay stations in space, receiving signals from ground stations and retransmitting them to other locations on Earth or to other satellites. They provide global coverage and are used for services like internet connectivity in remote areas, television broadcasting, weather monitoring, and military communications.
Satellite communication system is an advanced form of radio communication. The positioning of various satellite in the orbit requires International approval being a scarce universal resource.
Interested Parties. The concerned parties and their most important interests, inducing them to be involved in standardization work are given below:
- Standards
- (a)Network Operators support Standardization:
To improved the capacitbility of Telecommunication systems.
To be able provide wide-area or even international services.
To be able purchase equipment from multiple vendors.
- (b) Equipment manufacturer participate in standardization:
To get information about fathure standards for their development activities as early as possible.
- To prevent standardization if it open their own makes.
- (c) Services users participate in Standardization:
To get alternative system vendors (multi – vendors networks);
- (d) Other interested parties include:
Regulatory Authorities established by the Government of various countries are keen on having their national approaches adopted as international standards for the development of national standards as per international practices;
Innovation research workers and academic institution for developing new technologies approaches.
Standards Development Process
Standardization within telecommunication is intended to perform three functions:
Facilitate interconnection between different users. After all communication cannot be said to occur unless the parties involved can understand each other.
- Benefits of Suppliers
Facilitate the portability of equipment within different applications and the regions, such that market size is increased, resulting in reduced cost due to economic scale. This benefits the suppliers.
Ensure that equipment brought from one vendor can interface to that from another. This benefits the user in enabling competitive procurements.
When the state owner monopolies operated within national boundaries, Government development standards to maintain the status quo are exclude compilation.
With the opening up of these markets to other Telephone Operators, in the local, long distance and International areas, standards are now being developed to ensure compatibility between Operators and equipment suppliers. The invention of the electric telegraph, and it’s use in civil and military applications, resulted in the first known treaty regulating telecommunication across national frontiers.
- Global standards Path
The path towords Global standards has been difficult one. They set standards and had the monopoly on local manufacturer. There was little interest in standardization and even when standard bodies were set up they produced standards which were recommendations, containing many country specific exception.
Producing standards is an expensive business. The standards making Process is one cooperation at many levels, both Nationally and Internationally. This includes cooperation between industrial concerns within a country, between these concerns and their national Governments and between these concerns and their national Governments and between nationals at the International level. User groups and trade organizations usually also have members from several countries. This interaction is show figure.
The cooperation is important to obtain agreement on standards, but there is a danger that the many separate groupings and interests can often result in different standards being prepared for the same item. Historically this has resulted in the work being divided into two transmission standards. 2.048 Mbit/s (and A-law codec) in Europe any1.544 Mbit/s (and u-law codec) in the USA and Japan.
- Telecoms International Organizations
There are several international organizations involved in telecommunications, aiming to promote cooperation, standardization, and development in the field. Some key organizations include:International
- Telecommunication Union (ITU):
The ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for issues related to information and communication technologies (ICTs). It sets global standards for telecommunications, allocates radio spectrum, promotes digital inclusion, and coordinates international telecommunications regulations.
- GSM Association (G S M A):
The (G S M A) represents the interests of mobile network operators worldwide. It works to promote the expansion of mobile communications, develop industry standards, advocate for policies conducive to mobile connectivity, and address common challenges faced by the mobile industry.
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN):
ICANN is a nonprofit organization responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the network’s stable and secure operation.
- International Standards Organization (ISO):
ISO develops and publishes international standards for various industries, including telecommunications. These standards help ensure interoperability, compatibility, and quality in telecommunications products and services.
- European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI):
ETSI is an independent, nonprofit organization responsible for developing standards for information and communication technologies, particularly in Europe. It collaborates with other standardization bodies worldwide to ensure global interoperability.These organizations play crucial roles in shaping the telecommunications industry, facilitating global communication, and driving technological advancements.
