Radio Communications System

In 1864 Maxwell provide the evidence of Electromagnetic Radiation. The phenomenon of electromagnetic waves was confirmed by Heinrich Hertz in 1887. Later, Guglielmo Marconi experimented on telegraphy and granted patent in 1897. 

Radio communication refers to the transmission and reception of signals via radio waves for the purpose of exchanging information. It is a widely used method of communication across various domains, including broadcasting, public safety, aviation, maritime, military, amateur radio, and telecommunications. Radio communication can involve voice transmission (e.g., two-way radio communication), data transmission (e.g., wireless internet), or a combination of both. It relies on radio frequency (RF) technology and can operate over short distances (e.g., walkie-talkies) or long distances (e.g., satellite communication).

The first telegraphic message was over Wireless system by him in 1901. This was followed by telephone call from USA to Europe in 1915. The wireless system is most suitable for mobile telecommunication and broadcasting. Telecommunication services were thus extended to the ships and aircrafts witch not only facilitated navigation but greatly helped in emergencies.

It was more economical than under sea cable links. On many communication routes the wireless and cables were used together for improving the availability and reliability. At the time of independence, our international and inter-wing (between East now Bangladesh and West Pakistan) communication was mainly routed through India.

An organization based at bombay, were operating wireless system to Landon and through an under sea cable vis Aden. Cable and wireless Co. Of UK were having a Submarine cable between Karachi and Muscat. This cable along with the old Indo-Europe line already described before provided link with West. In addition wireless links were also operate between Karachi and Mekran Coast in south and between Peshawar and Kabul and Northern Areas. Communication facilities with ships were also built. 

The first wireless link between the two wings of the country and London was established in 1949. The system was taken over by Pakistan Government and great improvements were made during the fifties decade. Each wireless system provided a maximum four telephone channels. During the world War the microwave communication system was developed. This system could not cater for large number of multiplexed telephone line on the pattern of coaxial cable.

A microwave system having a capacity of 600 circuits was built between Pakistan, Iran and Turkey in 1964.

 By that time the communication system using Satellite in the outer space  of Earth as microwave repeater was established between USA and Europe. A global system was built with satellite in in the three ocean regions. 

Pakistan availed the opportunely for interconnection between the two wings and with other member countries.

Work on construction of a satellite earth operational after the separation of East Pakistan. As an alternative coaxial system and also to supplement the national long distance communication capacity microwave system were built.

Provision was made for transmission of live TV programs between major cities. With their completion the nationwide dialing system ( N W D ) was introduced in 1976. This was an improved version of STD witch was implemented in the previous decade. It provided routing of call through any available path between the two destinations. The STD system was subsequently closed.

The remote of Northern Areas were linked with lines and satellite communications. A broad capacity radio system was established between Peshawar and Kabul. A coaxial cable system was constructed between Lahore and Amritsar (India). As a joint project submarine (undersea) cable was laid between Pakistan and UAE.

All these transmission systems were using Analog Technology.

By this time some of the long distance cable system section have been deteriorated needed replacement.

The digital electronic systems are economical, provide flexibility and improved quality. Old electromechanical telephone exchange were replaced with electronic system. An International Gateway Exchange was installed at Karachi in 1980 using automatic electronic system replacing the old manual exchange for connection the overseas calls. The International Subscriber Dialing (I S D) service was introduced. This was followed by another stellite earth station and gateway exchange at Islamabad by the middle of eighties. Standard digital electronic telecommunication systems were then available in the International market, which provide additional facility and services.

Pakistan followed the international trend of deregulation and global market. License were issued to private parties to establish public Data, Card phone paging and Mobile Telephone Services, Large scale import to telecommunication equipment was done clear the pending demand.